Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a very common endocrine and metabolic disorder with the involvement of both genetic and environmental factors. Although much has been clarified on its pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, and therapy, there are still areas of uncertainty.
(1) PCOS is a well-established medical condition that negatively affects reproduction, general health, sexual health, and quality of life.
(2) The symptoms and signs of PCOS appear early in life especially in female newborns from PCOS carriers.
(3) women with PCOS have significantly increased risk of pregnancy-related complications including gestational diabetes mellitus.
(4) A male PCOS equivalent exists, and it may impact on metabolic health and probably on reproduction.
(5) The evidence supports that medical therapy for PCOS is effective, rational, and evidence-based.
(6) The evidence supports a major research initiative to explore possible benefits of nutraceutical therapy for PCOS.
Symptoms
PCOS tends to run in families, but the exact cause is not known. Symptoms may include:
Infrequent menstrual periods, no menstrual periods and/or irregular bleeding
Infertility due to lack of ovulation
Increased hair growth on the face, chest, stomach, back, thumbs or toes
Acne, oily skin and dandruff
Weight gain, especially around the mid-section
Thinning hair on head
Pelvic pain
DIET AND PCOS:
Focusing on whole-grains, fruits, vegetables, lean protein foods and low-fat or fat-free milk, cheese or yogurt can help you to manage both your weight and your blood sugar.
A healthy eating plan for women with PCOS includes:
Four to five meals or snacks daily, including breakfast. Don’t skip meals.
A variety of foods from all the MyPlate food groups: fruits, vegetables, grains, protein foods and dairy. When choosing sources of fat, focus on healthful choices like olive and canola oils, walnuts, almonds and avocados.
Protein at all meals and snacks. Try nut butters, lean meats, fish, tofu, beans, lentils and low-fat dairy products.
Healthy beverages such as water, low-fat or fat-free milk or a fortified soy beverage.
Physical Activity and PCOS
Regular physical activity can help alleviate symptoms of PCOS. Get moving with at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity most days of the week. Increase muscle mass with strength-training exercises at least two times a week.
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